The high prevalence of PCa, combined with (i) early screening (now beginning at 40 years of age using serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and/or ultrasound/MRI imaging) and (ii) widespread use of needle biopsy, has made interpretation of small, diagnostically challenging atypical glands a routine part of uropathology practice. This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and posterior cortical atrophy.