INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Our present study was designed to examine whether EPE could have the potential to protect from T1DM and displays an improvement in pathophysiology of T1DM and the signaling pathway including amelioration of destruction of pancreatic β-cells and oxidant damage, and two signaling pathways, that is, the insulin-Akt pathway and the phosphorylation of AMPK pathway, which contribute to the increase in the levels of membrane GLUT4 protein and promote glucose uptake from the blood to intracellular sites.