Exposure of Human Aortic Endothelial Cells (HAEC) to Calprotectin, HA and HMGB-1, as well as all CKD-DAMPs combined, but not to Hsp70, led to a modest increase in MCP-1, a major monocyte chemoattractant expressed at atherosclerosis plaques (Figures 3D, E). This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and atherosclerosis.