It is noteworthy that activation of TLR3 drives MSCs to produce factors that primarily have an immunomodulatory effect on the tumor cells (such as IL-1 receptor antagonist and IL10), whereas activation of TLR4 results in the production of inflammatory and proapoptotic factors by MSCs (such as IL17, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and TRAIL). This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and neoplasm.