Aside from VEGF, TGF-β also connects multiple signaling pathways, participates in the promotion of tumor angiogenesis, stimulates CAF activation, activates HIF-1 signaling, and is also involved in the activation of T cells and dendritic cells (DCs) in TME (Barcellos-Hoff, 2022). The gene discussed is HIF1A; the disease is neoplasm.