ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; ARNi, angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; eFGR, estimated glomeruli filtration rate; HF, heart failure; HFmrEF, heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; RAASi, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors; TOPCAT,  treatment of preserved cardiac function heart failure with an aldosterone antagonist trial. Here, ACE is linked to heart failure.