We explored the upstream regulatory mechanism of BMP1 in ccRCC, namely, LINC00685, SLC16A1-AS1, PVT1, VPS9D1-AS1, SNHG15 and the CCDC18-AS1/hsa-miR-532-3p/BMP1 axis (Fig. 6). Here, PVT1 is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.