For example, while chronic exposure to lipids did not trigger a consistent up-regulation of the insulin resistance pathway, the combination of FFA + Cocktail led to the up-regulation of NFKBIA, TRIB3, CREB3L3, IRS2, SLC2A1, SOCS3, PIK3CD, CREB5, RELA, and CPT1B in all subgroups (Additional file 1: Fig. S8D). This evidence concerns the gene CREB5 and Insulin resistance.