In EMT-6 murine syngeneic breast cancer model, tumor-bearing female BALB/c mice were randomized into 6 groups and treated with either vehicle control, niclosamide (50 mg/kg via i.p. q.d.5), anti-PD-1 antibody (100 μg/injection via i.p. twice/week), or their combination for 4 weeks (Fig. 4e). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and breast cancer.