Thus, whilst there is some limited evidence that HA may reduce the achievement of serum creatinine levels associated with AKI during a HAST, and that longer HA interventions may lower the post-HAST serum creatinine concentration, other biomarkers of AKI (e.g. NGAL, KIM-1) appear unaffected by HA. The gene discussed is HAVCR1; the disease is acute kidney injury.