IGFBP7 and acute kidney injury: Finally, it is important to note that, to date, no studies examining the effect of HA on AKI have assessed urine concentrations of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2), which appear to outperform other biomarkers of AKI in clinical settings [95]; these biomarkers should be considered in future research examining renal adaptions to HA.