ACP5 and osteomyelitis: H&E (Fig. 8e–h), TRAP (Fig. 8i–l) and Brown & Brenn (Fig. 9) stained histology confirmed chronic implant-associated osteomyelitis in all vancomycin treated mice as evidenced by the presence of: i) necrotic marrow, ii) viable SACs, iii) intramedullary necrotic bone fragments containing Gram positive biofilm and iv) an endosteal ring of TRAP+ osteoclasts; as well as the absence of: v) new bone bridging the cortices adjacent to the implant and vi) frank osseointegration of the implant (Table 1).