Notably, LKO mice were less sensitive to the effects of metformin on I/R-induced AKI, as reflected by improved renal hypertrophy (Fig. 3j, k), lower serum BUN, creatinine, LDH, and AST levels (Fig. 3l–o), as well as lower Lcn2 mRNA level (Fig. 3p). The gene discussed is LCN2; the disease is acute kidney injury.