Various inflammatory cells (e.g., granulocytes and monocytes) overexpress S100A12 and the elevated serum levels of this molecule has been found in patients with different inflammatory diseases, including viral infections.26 In support of this, we confirmed that S100A12 was significantly overexpressed in COVID-19 patients with acute necrotizing encephalopathy (Fig. 3). This evidence concerns the gene S100A12 and viral infectious disease.