HLA-DQA1 and COVID-19: Consistently, DCs from COVID-19 patients also displayed lower antigen presentation capacity than healthy donors (Fig. 6e), with genes associated with antigen presentation (e.g., HLA-DQB1, HLA-DEB5 and HLA-DQA1, etc.)downregulated in DCs from the COVID-19 groups including those with encephalopathy (Fig. 6f and Supplementary Fig. 8f).