However, VDR and related-enzymes can be found in many non-calcium regulating cells such as fibroblasts, keratocytes, cardiovascular cells, and immune cells [15–17] and vitamin D and VDR have been shown to modulate a number of other essential biological processes, including cell growth/ proliferation, immunomodulation, as well as having anti-cancer and antiviral activity [18–20]. The gene discussed is VDR; the disease is cancer.