CD8A and neoplasm: Functional HLA class I plays key roles in presenting tumor-associated peptides to CD8 + T cells, explaining their regulatory synergy in a hot TME [47, 48], whereas loss of HLA class I expression impairs recognition of tumor-associated antigens by CD8 + T cells, a key mechanism for immune evasion, causing tumor progression and insensitivity to ICI therapy [48–51].