Gliosis increases GFAP expression leading to an increase in tissue stiffness, vascular breakdown, and neuronal cell death.35 Azithromycin prevents oligodendrocyte progenitor cell damage, restores differentiation arrest, and potentially myelination ability in an inflammatory environment following exposure to lipopolysaccharide-activated microglia.36 In our study, perinatal azithromycin administration appeared to increase total numbers of mature oligodendrocytes and myelin volume in all white matter areas investigated. This evidence concerns the gene GFAP and Gliosis.