Similarly, non-ALS4 mutations in SETX, that are commonly detected in C9orf72 ALS patients [12], could be accentuating immune dysfunction due to partial loss of C9orf72 function, as C9orf72 knock-out mice display autoimmune phenotypes [2, 10, 36]. This evidence concerns the gene C9orf72 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.