TSC1 and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma: mTOR was known to be involved in the pathogenesis of angiomyolipoma (both in syndromic and non-syndromic scenarios), but mutations in genes that regulate this pathway (TSC1, TSC2, and MTOR) were also rarely found in some common renal tumors, such as ChRCC, clear cell RCC, and papillary RCC [1–9, 37–39].