Similarly, our analysis shows that the hub genes of yellow modules in NAFLD also include several proinflammatory mediators, such as TNF, CCL3, CCL4, IL-18, etc. Importantly, these inflammatory-related mediators and DAMPs can circulate from the liver into the systemic bloodstream, potentially fostering systemic inflammation52, which could impact extrahepatic tissues such as the heart. The gene discussed is CCL3; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.