TNF and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Similarly, our analysis shows that the hub genes of yellow modules in NAFLD also include several proinflammatory mediators, such as TNF, CCL3, CCL4, IL-18, etc. Importantly, these inflammatory-related mediators and DAMPs can circulate from the liver into the systemic bloodstream, potentially fostering systemic inflammation52, which could impact extrahepatic tissues such as the heart.