Similarly, the cancer hallmark enrichment analysis utilizing the GSVA demonstrated that high-risk patients exhibited enrichment in signaling pathways such as mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), PI3K-AKT-mTOR, transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), epithelial-mesenchymal transition, P53, and Notch (Fig. 7G). Here, TGFB1 is linked to cancer.