HMGB1 and infection: High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a multifunctionalprotein.Upon injury or infection, HMGB1 is passively released from necroticand activated dendritic cells and macrophages, where it functionsas a cytokine, acting as a ligand for RAGE, a major receptor of innateimmunity stimulating inflammation responses including the pathogenesisof cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.