Gi proteins are thought to be involved in the protection against excessive β-adrenergic stimulation in heart failure (Brown and Harding 1992; El-Armouche et al. 2003), and Gi-protein-mediated signaling downstream from β2-AR has been shown to be anti-apoptotic (Chesley et al. 2000). The gene discussed is ADRB2; the disease is heart failure.