Treatment with a combination of anti-CSFR1 and anti-TIGIT antibodies led to the complete rejection of 8 of 10 DMBA3-4 plus DMSO3-1 tumors in WT mice, demonstrating that M-CSF and CD155 play redundant roles in driving the profound reversal of immunosuppression in the TME of a carcinogen-treated tumor (8). This evidence concerns the gene CSF1 and neoplasm.