AKT1 and neoplasm: However, it has been demonstrated that several variables, including the heterogeneity of the tumor, epigenetic control by miRNAs, and the combinatorial outcomes of various signaling pathways, including NF-κB/IL-6, Hedgehog, mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), Akt/PI3K, MAPK/ERK, and somatostatin receptors, all of these elements result in drug resistance in tumor cells[75-79].