Cytokines[91-93]·IL-6 activates the AKT/mTOR pathway, inducing VEGFA and VEGFR2 expression.·IL-8 induces VEGFA transcription even when HIF-1 is inhibited.MDSCs[100-102]·GM-CSF confers sunitinib-resistance to peripheral MDSCs, via the STAT5 pathway.·MDSCs produce pro-angiogenic proteins.CAFs[103]·FAP mRNA (a marker of CAFs) levels are correlated with worse outcomes.TAMs[105-106]·Hypoxia induces M2-macrophages phenotype.·M2-like TAMs promote tumor growth.TILs[108]·TKIs treatment induces CD4+ T cells and Tregs infiltration.·CD4+ T cells and Tregs infiltration correlate with worse outcomes. Here, CSF2 is linked to neoplasm.