Liu et al. compared the percentage of immune cells in TKI-exposed RCC tissue with control samples and they found an increased CD3+ T-lymphocyte infiltration, CD45RO+ T-lymphocyte infiltration, CD4+ T-lymphocyte infiltration and CD8+ T-lymphocyte infiltration both after sunitinib and bevacizumab treatment. Here, CD4 is linked to renal cell carcinoma.