ATP6AP2 and acute kidney injury: PRR has been shown to exacerbate renal failure and proteinuria levels in various animal models, including the 5/6 renal nephrectomy rat model (Wang Y. et al., 2021), the protein overload rat model (Fang et al., 2018), the AOPPs-induced model (Fang et al., 2023), and the DOX-induced model (Luo et al., 2020), by activating the intrarenal RAS and causing inflammation, oxidative stress, and renal fibrosis.