Furthermore, it is noteworthy that in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, the extent of PITX1 exon 3 methylation within cancerous tissue was markedly elevated in comparison to adjacent normal tissue (PITX1 exon 3 methylation: tumor tissue 58.1%; adjacent tissue 31.7%, P < 0.001). Here, PITX1 is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.