Another study also demonstrated that PITX1 was highly methylated (P < 0.0001) in 40 surgically resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues (37), which was related to cancer infiltrating depth (P = 0.0011), cancer stage (P = 0.0052), and associated with poor survival in ESCC (hazard ratio (HR): 0.1538; 95% confidence interval (95% CI: 0.03159-0.7488; P = 0.0169). Here, PITX1 is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.