While in most studies, PITX1 has been widely reported as a tumor suppressor gene, some researchers believe that PITX1 is an oncogenic gene that promotes the development and progression of tumors, such as the role of PITX1 in KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer cells and acute leukemia (43, 118, 123), here we summarize some of the target proteins of PITX1 and the corresponding functions (Table 2). This evidence concerns the gene PITX1 and neoplasm.