INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: A recent study compared insulin-fasting levels and the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index between hypothyroid children with obesity and those with normal weight, with the addition of a healthy control group; the results showed higher leptin and insulin-fasting levels and a higher HOMA index in both hypothyroid children with obesity and normal weight, with higher values in the population with obesity compared to healthy controls.