While OSM does not increase proliferation of OSA cells (212–214), it does increase invasion via expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP); a protein responsible for cytoskeletal reorganization in osteoblasts, MMP-2, cathepsin secretion and activity, as well as VEGF in a STAT3 dependent manner (212, 215–217). This evidence concerns the gene GFAP and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.