LIF and lung carcinoma: Shien et al. also analyzed patient data using the TCGA and PROSPECT lung adenocarcinoma databases and found a positive correlation of OSM, IL-6 and LIF in lung cancer patients, while also showing high OSMRβ expression had a significantly poorer prognosis compared to patients with a low OSMRβ expression (p = 0.0096 for recurrent-free survival), indicating that OSM and OSMRβ play a significant role in lung cancer (177).