Previous studies by Jorgensen and collaborators demonstrated that plasma levels of LPS, IL-6, and TNF-α were increased in CVID subjects with dysimmune complications (e.g., splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, autoimmunity, enteropathy, granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease [GLILD]) compared to CVID without dysimmune complications (27). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Abnormal intestine morphology.