NEFL and Parkinson disease: Neurofilament light chain (NfL), a structural element of neuronal cells released upon cellular damage, was consistently elevated in MSA compared to controls or PD, indicating neuronal degradation (17); Additionally, an ELISA antibody for Ser129 phosphorylated α-synuclein showed success in detection and more recent advances include development and testing of phospho-specific antibody for variety of human specimens (51, 52).