NFE2L2 and Parkinson disease: For example, on the chemical induction front, numerous studies utilized administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a well-established chemical inducer of dopaminergic neuron death and the onset of parkinsonian phenotypes, with Nrf2−/− mice exhibiting a more pronounced loss of dopaminergic function and onset of PD-related phenotypes (Burton et al., 2006; Chen et al., 2009; Innamorato et al., 2010; Rojo et al., 2010; Kaidery et al., 2013).