In patients with CKD and diabetics, serum levels of MMP-2, MMP-8, and MMP-9 were found to be higher, being correlated with serum phosphate (MMP-2), fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), and proteinuria (MMP-8 and MMP-9), which are both associated with oxidative stress and cardiovascular health. Here, FGF23 is linked to chronic kidney disease.