Finally, we determined if RfxCas13d affected several of the neuropathological hallmarks that develop in TAR4/4 mice and are characteristic of aspects of ALS, hallmarks that include: (i) the loss of cortical and spinal cord neurons, (ii) the phosphorylation and aggregation of TDP-43, (iii) the accumulation of ubiquitinated inclusions, and (iv) the development of prominent microgliosis and astrogliosis69. The gene discussed is TARDBP; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.