NOX4 and Parkinson disease: Other neuronal NOX isoforms also play a role in PD: NOX1 has been shown to be expressed specifically in dopaminergic neurons of PD patients and in PD mouse models where it mediated oxidative stress and neurodegeneration (Choi et al., 2012), and increased NOX4 expression was reported in dopaminergic neurons of PD patients where it correlated with negative clinical outcomes and oxidative stress and neurodegeneration (Zawada et al., 2015).