INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Strikingly, in a recent clinical trial, 120 patients with T2D were randomly allocated to take either 1 g of taurine or placebo three times per day for an 8-week period; taurine-supplemented patients displayed a significant decrease in serum insulin and HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance) compared to the placebo group accompanied by a significant decline in several markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction [154].