Two clinical studies reported increased serum levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) and decreased levels of TNF-α, IFNγ, IL-12, and IL-6 in females with type 2 diabetes who received 8 weeks of daily NUTRIOSE® supplementation (10 g/day) versus baseline levels [21,22]. This evidence concerns the gene IL4 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.