MC4R and Hypertension: In the same study, pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Mc4r in the PVH led to the suppression of renin and angiotensin in the renal cortex and reduced blood pressure in the offspring, while restoration of this gene reversed the effect, suggesting interplay between central and renal sympathetic nerve activity and a key role of the brain–kidney axis in the maternal obesity-induced programming of hypertension and CKD.