NLRP3 and Alzheimer disease: Studies on patients with AD have reported a correlation between attenuated cognitive function and acute and chronic systemic inflammation associated with increased TNF-α levels [13], and that reduced levels of NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3) inflammasome-derived inflammatory cytokines alleviate the progression of AD pathology [48].