When following a ketogenic diet, human body does not have enough glucose in the blood or liver, leading to the production of special compounds called ketones; healthy people have enough insulin in their bodies to suppress ketone production, but in the case of diabetes (including type 1 diabetes and T2DM) [30,31], alcoholism, hunger or extreme dieting [32], and some metabolic diseases [33], ketosis can lead to excess ketones in the body, which will lead to ketoacidosis. Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.