Beharry et al. showed that the microbiota in NAFLD-HCC plays a role in inducing an immunosuppressive response characterized by the expansion of IL-10+ Tregs, decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine production, such as IL-2 and IL-12, and attenuation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Here, IL2 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.