ITGAL and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Regardless of what might be the mechanisms governing ITGAL, ITGAX, and TMEM119’s contribution to immune evasion in NSCLC and other cancers, their strong associations with immunosuppressive activities (immune checkpoints, MDSC, and Treg) underlie their ICB biomarker values and thus patient selection for ICB therapy, i.e., tumors expressing high levels of these proteins are likely to respond to ICB.