Backman et al., studied 300 patients with resected NSCLC, and used mIF to demonstrate a positive prognostic effect for patients with high densities of tissue helper CD4+ T-cells (CD4+Ts) and CD8+Ts, M1 macrophages, B-cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and also both CD4+ and CD8+ Treg cells, including when adjusted for clinical parameters; these observations were stronger when analysing tumour and stromal compartments together [58]. Here, CD4 is linked to neoplasm.