Osteocalcin correlated negatively with renal function in a small study of non-dialysis CKD patients [124], and other investigations have identified a link to cardiovascular risks: a cross-sectional analysis of 256 non-dialysis CKD patients found that low levels of total osteocalcin were associated with endothelial dysfunction, whereas participants with high osteocalcin levels had a greater degree of arterial stiffness [125]. The gene discussed is BGLAP; the disease is endothelial dysfunction.