F5 and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 4: These risk factors include conditions like atrial fibrillation, prosthetic heart valves, atrial septal defect, left-sided valvular diseases (such as infectious endocarditis, aortic or mitral calcification), intracardiac tumors, and various thrombophilic disorders (e.g., factor V Leiden, protein C and protein S deficiency, factor XII deficiency, malignancy, systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome) [61,62].