Moreover, the overexpression of PD-L1 in tumor cells can be due to the activation of signal traducers induced via oncogenic pathways [78], as has been described in melanoma, with oncogenic BRAF(V600E) signaling inducing IL-1α/β production, with a subsequent upregulation of PD-L1 in the tumor stroma [79]. The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is neoplasm.