Therefore, in the next step, we assessed whether the effectiveness of Tf-MeLioNs extended to an amelioration in the activity of microglia, a pathological hallmark associated with AD [25], by assessing the utilization of the microglial marker ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) and changes in cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68; an indicator of microglial activation) via immunofluorescence staining [26]. The gene discussed is AIF1; the disease is Alzheimer disease.