Some studies showed that both CD73+ Th17 cells and CD39+ Th19 cells may function as immune suppressor cells instead of effector cells, with increased IL-10 production that favors the development of cancer in various murine models, including EL4 thymoma, B16F10 melanoma, LLC lung carcinoma, and MC38 colon carcinoma. This evidence concerns the gene ENTPD1 and cancer.