However, Khan et al. demonstrated that levels of bioactive TGF-β correlate better with functional outcomes of fibrosis than total TGF-β in patients with heart failure due to ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathy, and therefore, a direct assessment of TGF-β activity in patients with HCM would be highly relevant [30]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and dilated cardiomyopathy.