Notably, our previous study showed that JAG1 intracellular domain (JICD1) constitutes a transcriptional complex with DEAD-box helicase 17 (DDX17)/SMA- and MAD-related protein 3 (SMAD3)/TGFB-induced factor homeobox 2 (TGIF2) to promote the expression of the sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), which plays a crucial role in acquiring and maintaining CSC properties, including sphere-forming ability, invasiveness, and resistance to anti-cancer therapies in GBM [11]. This evidence concerns the gene SMAD3 and glioblastoma.